ADVERBIAL AND ADJEVTIVE CLAUSE

Teori Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

·                     Shut the door before you go out.

·                     You may begin when(ever) you are ready.

·                     While he was walking home, he saw an accident.

·                     By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.

·                     No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

·                     They sat down wherever they could find empty seats

·                     The guard stood where he was positioned.

·                     Where there is a will, there is a way.

·                     Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

·                     Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

·                     As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.

·                     Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.

·                     Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

·                     He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

·                     He did as I told him.

·                     You may finish it how you like.

·                     They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:

·                     They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.

·                     She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

·                     He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

·                     I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

·                     Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.

·                     It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.

·                     The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.

·                     The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

·                     If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.

·                     She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

·                     Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.

·                     In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.

·                     The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.

·                     We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

Pengertian Adjective Clause

Adjective clause atau relative clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adjective dan menjelaskan noun atau pronoun pada main clause dari suatu complex sentence (kalimat yang terdiri dari independent clause dan satu atau lebih dependent clause).

Posisi adjective clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya. Di dalam kalimat, noun atau pronoun itu berfungsi sebagai subject atau object. Adjective clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, whose, etc) yang berfungsi menjembatani hubungan dengan noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya.

Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause

Beberapa contoh kalimat adjective clause dengan berbagai relative pronoun dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Relative Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause	Keterangan
Who	He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs. (Dia pria yang bekerja keras untuk menanggung kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka.)	menerangkan “man” (subject complement)
Whom	The woman whom you saw last night is my sister. (Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya.)	menerangkan “woman” (subject kalimat)
Whose	The man, whose car is antique, works as a lecturer. (The man yang punya mobil antik itu bekerja sebagai dosen.)	menerangkan “man” (subject kalimat)
which	Mueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat. (Mueeza, yang sangat setia, adalah kucing saya.)	menerangkan “Mueeza” (subject kalimat)
where (relative adverb)	Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born. (Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya dilahirkan.)	menerangkan “city” (subject complement)
that	It is the car that I have dreamed for many years ago. (Ini mobil yang telah saya impikan sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu.)	menerangkan “car” (subject complement)

CONTOH SOAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1. Mr Yanu is my father. He works at PT. marga
    Mr Yanu who works at PT.marga is my father

2. Wudy is a thief. I saw him steal a wallet
    Wudy whom I saw steal a wallet is a thief

3. The table is so expensive. I bought it last week
    The table which I bought last week is so expensive

4. The house is beatiful. It belongs to Amri
    The house which belongs to Amri is beautiful

5. The lady bought a car . her husband died a year ago
    The lady whose husband died a year ago bought a car

CONTOH SOAL ADVERB CLAUSE 1. .....running, grizzly bears are capable of attaining a speed of 35 miles an hour. a.      so that b.      when they are c.       so d.      though kunci jawaban : b. when they are 2. Lucy can’t attend the meeting.....she finds a baby-sitter. a.      unless b.      even if c.       only if d.      if. Kunci jawaban : a. Unless 3. .....ploughing the field, the farmer uncovered a dinosaur bone. a.      as though b.      while c.       until d.      since. Kunci jawaban : b. while